Beverage forming device and method with cartridge retainer

ABSTRACT

A beverage forming system and method in which a cartridge holder is movably mounted to the frame and has an opening to receive a cartridge. The cartridge holder may be arranged to hold and move a cartridge between an open position in which the opening of the cartridge holder is oriented in an upwardly inclined position to receive the cartridge, and a closed position in which the opening is oriented in a horizontal or downwardly inclined position. A cover may be arranged to cover the opening of the cartridge holder in a closed position, and the cover may be positioned away from the opening of the cartridge holder in an open position. A cartridge retainer may have an engagement portion arranged to hold the cartridge in the cartridge holder opening in at least a part of movement of the cartridge holder between the open and the closed positions.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of International Application No.PCT/US2013/024718, filed Feb. 5, 2013, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/597,006, filed Feb. 9, 2012, each ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of Invention

This invention relates to beverage forming systems, such as coffeebrewers that use a disposable beverage cartridge to form a coffeebeverage.

2. Related Art

Beverage forming systems that use a disposable beverage cartridge forforming a beverage are well known. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,165,488discloses a beverage making device that uses a cartridge for making acoffee drink or other beverage. The device includes a cartridgereceptacle that is movable between a forwardly inclined position, inwhich a user can place a cartridge in, or remove a cartridge from, thereceptacle, and a vertical position in which the receptacle maycooperate with a lid to form a beverage using the cartridge.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Aspects of the invention provide for a cartridge holder that is movablebetween an open position in which the cartridge holder is in an upwardlyinclined orientation to receive a cartridge and a closed position inwhich the cartridge holder is in a downwardly inclined orientation. Thisis in contrast to most, if not all, cartridge holders in which theholder is typically oriented in an at least somewhat upward orientationboth in the open and closed position, e.g., to help retain the cartridgein the holder.

In one aspect, a beverage forming system includes a frame arranged tosupport portions of the beverage forming system, a cartridge holdermounted to the frame and having an opening to receive and hold acartridge, and a cover arranged to cover the opening of the cartridgeholder in a closed position. The cover may be positioned away from theopening of the cartridge holder in an open position to permit placementof a cartridge in the cartridge holder, yet cover the opening of thecartridge holder in the closed position. A cartridge retainer may havean engagement portion positioned between the cartridge holder and thecover in the closed position, with the cartridge retainer being arrangedto hold the cartridge in the cartridge holder opening with movement ofthe cover away from the cartridge holder as the cartridge holder movesfrom the closed position to the open position. For example, as thecartridge holder and cover move away from each other, the cartridgeretainer may help separate the cartridge from the cover, e.g., separatethe cartridge from any inlet or outlet piercing elements on the coverthat pierce the cartridge to introduce liquid and/or remove beveragefrom the cartridge.

In one embodiment, the cartridge holder is arranged to hold and move acartridge between an open position in which the opening of the cartridgeholder is oriented in an upwardly inclined position to receive thecartridge, and a closed position in which the opening is oriented in adownwardly inclined position. For example, the opening may have an axisthat is perpendicular to a plane of the opening, and arranged such thatwith the cartridge holder in the open position, the axis is at an angleof about 30-50 degrees above the horizontal, and with the cartridgeholder in the closed position, the axis is arranged at about 0-20degrees below the horizontal.

In one embodiment, the cartridge retainer may be mounted for movementwith the cover relative to the cartridge holder, and/or may be arrangedfor movement relative to the cover. In one embodiment, a carrier may bemovably mounted to the frame with the cover attached to the carrier, andthe cartridge retainer may be movably mounted to the carrier. Forexample, the carrier and the cartridge holder may be pivotally mountedto the frame such that the carrier is arranged to move with thecartridge holder in a portion of the cartridge holder movement betweenthe open and closed positions. Also, the cover and the cartridgeretainer may be mounted to the carrier to slide relative to thecartridge holder, and a resilient element may urge an engagement portionof the cartridge retainer to move away from the cover, e.g., toresiliently urge a cartridge in the cartridge holder to move away fromthe cover with movement of cover away from the cartridge holder.

In another aspect of the invention, a beverage forming system includes aframe arranged to support portions of the beverage forming system, acartridge holder mounted to the frame and having an opening to receiveand hold a cartridge, and a cover arranged to cover the opening of thecartridge holder in a closed position. The cover be positioned away fromthe opening of the cartridge holder in an open position to permitplacement of a cartridge in the cartridge holder, yet cover the openingwith the cartridge holder in the closed position. A cartridge retainermay have an engagement portion arranged to hold the cartridge in thecartridge holder opening with movement of the cover away from thecartridge holder, and the cartridge retainer may be mounted for movementwith the cover relative to the cartridge holder. Other features of thesystem described may be employed as well.

In another aspect of the invention, a beverage forming system includes aframe arranged to support portions of the beverage forming system, and acartridge holder movably mounted to the frame and having an opening toreceive a cartridge. The cartridge holder may be arranged to hold andmove a cartridge between an open position in which the opening of thecartridge holder is oriented in an upwardly inclined position to receivethe cartridge, and a closed position in which the opening is oriented ina horizontal or downwardly inclined position. A cover may be arranged tocover the opening of the cartridge holder in a closed position, and thecover may be positioned away from the opening of the cartridge holder inan open position to permit placement of a cartridge in the cartridgeholder. A cartridge retainer may have an engagement portion arranged tohold the cartridge in the cartridge holder opening in at least a part ofmovement of the cartridge holder between the open and the closedpositions, and an inlet may be arranged to provide fluid to a cartridgeheld by the cartridge holder for the formation of a beverage. Otherfeatures of the system described above may be included as well.

These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Aspects of the invention are described below with reference to thefollowing drawings in which like numerals reference like elements, andwherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a beverage forming system with acartridge holder in an open position in an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the beverage forming system of FIG. 1 with thecartridge holder in an open position;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the beverage forming system of FIG. 1 with thecartridge holder in a closed position;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a cartridge holder and cover mountingarrangement in an illustrative embodiment with the cartridge holder inan open position;

FIG. 5 is a side view of the arrangement of FIG. 4 with the cartridgeholder in an open position;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the arrangement of FIG. 4 with the cartridgeholder in an intermediate position;

FIG. 7 is a side view of the arrangement of FIG. 4 with the cartridgeholder in a closed position;

FIG. 8 is a partial top view of the arrangement of FIG. 6;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement of FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of an outlet chamber in an embodiment inaccordance with the invention;

FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the outlet chamber of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of components of a beverage formingsystem in an illustrative embodiment;

FIG. 13 shows an exploded view of an illustrative beverage cartridge;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the cartridge of FIG. 13;

FIG. 15 shows a view of the FIG. 13 cartridge with inlet and outletelements in communication with the cartridge; and

FIG. 16 is a top view of the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 1 with thecartridge holder in a closed position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It should be understood that aspects of the invention are describedherein with reference to certain illustrative embodiments and thefigures. The illustrative embodiments described herein are notnecessarily intended to show all aspects of the invention, but ratherare used to describe a few illustrative embodiments. Thus, aspects ofthe invention are not intended to be construed narrowly in view of theillustrative embodiments. In addition, it should be understood thataspects of the invention may be used alone or in any suitablecombination with other aspects of the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a beverage forming system 100.Although the beverage forming system 100 may be used to form anysuitable beverage, such as tea, coffee, other infusion-type beverages,beverages formed from a liquid or powdered concentrate, soups, juices orother beverages made from dried materials, or other, in thisillustrative embodiment, the system 100 is arranged to form coffee ortea beverages. As is known in the art, a beverage cartridge 1 may beprovided to the system 100 and used to form a beverage that is depositedinto a user's cup or other suitable container 2. The cartridge 1 may bemanually or automatically placed in a cartridge receiver that includes acartridge holder 3 and cover 4 in this embodiment of the beverageforming system 100. For example, the holder 3 may be or include acircular, cup-shaped or otherwise suitably shaped opening in which thecartridge 1 may be placed. In this embodiment, the cartridge holder 3includes an opening 3 a that is arranged to receive the cartridge 1.While in this embodiment the opening 3 a is sized and shaped so as toengage with an upper portion of the cartridge 1, the opening 3 a may bearranged in other ways, e.g., to engage with a lower portion, side,bottom or other part of the cartridge 1. With a cartridge 1 placed inthe cartridge holder 3, a handle 5 may be moved by hand so as to movethe cartridge holder 3 to a closed position. In the closed position, thecover 4 at least partially covers the opening 3 a, e.g., to at leastpartially enclose the cartridge 1 in a chamber in which the cartridge isused to make a beverage. For example, with the cartridge 1 held by thecartridge holder 3 in the closed position, water or other liquid may beprovided to the cartridge 1 (e.g., by injecting the liquid into thecartridge interior) to form a beverage that exits the cartridge 1 and isprovided to a cup 2 or other container.

In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the cartridge holder 3may be movably mounted to a frame (e.g., which includes a housing 6which is arranged to enclose at least some components of the system 100)and arranged to hold and move a cartridge between an open position inwhich the opening of the cartridge holder (or a lid of a cartridge) isoriented in an upwardly inclined position to receive the cartridge, anda closed position in which the opening (or a lid of a cartridge) isoriented in a downwardly inclined position. That is, when the cartridgeholder 3 is in the open position, the holder may be oriented in anupwardly inclined position, e.g., so that a plane of the opening 3 a ofthe holder 3 faces generally upwardly and at an angle to the horizontal.In one arrangement shown in FIG. 2, the opening may have an axis 101that is perpendicular to a plane of the opening 3 a, and the axis 101may be arranged at an angle of about 30-50 degrees above the horizontalwith the cartridge holder in the open position, although other anglesbetween 0-90 degrees are possible in some embodiments. This arrangementmay provide two features: 1) the opening 3 a may be presented in a waythat allows for easy placement and/or removal of a cartridge 1 withrespect to the holder 3, and 2) the holder 3 may hold the cartridge 1 inthe open position without the cartridge 1 falling from the opening 3 a.As shown in FIG. 3, with the cartridge holder 3 in the closed positionthe opening 3 a may be oriented in a downwardly inclined position. Forexample, in the closed position the axis 101 of the opening 3 a in thisembodiment may be arranged at about 10-20 degrees below the horizontal,although other angles between 0-90 are possible. Orienting the cartridge1 in this way may provide features such as: 1) for cartridges having acup-like container and a piercable lid, arranging the piercable lid ofthe opening downwardly to allow beverage in the cartridge to drain morefully from the cartridge (e.g., where the lid, but not the container, ispierced), 2) allowing the cartridge interior to be better flooded withliquid so the liquid can fully interact with a beverage medium in thecartridge, 3) allowing contents of a cartridge 1 to be “dumped” from thecartridge (e.g., where a lid is pierced or removed from the cartridgeand a drink mix or other beverage medium is dumped from the cartridgeand into a mixing chamber, the cup 2 or other receptacle), 4) allowingfor easier cartridge ejection (e.g., where a cover 4 or other componentthat holds the cartridge in place in the holder 3 is removed, allowingthe cartridge 1 to fall from the holder 3 for ejection), and others.

Another aspect of the invention relates to having the housing define acavity 61 (see FIG. 1) arranged to receive the cartridge holder 3 whenthe holder 3 is in the closed position. Thus, in the open position thecartridge holder 3 may be positioned outside of the cavity 61, but inthe closed position, the holder 3 may be received into the cavity 61.This arrangement may provide for a more compact system 100 when thecartridge holder 3 is in the closed position and/or may help shield thecartridge holder 3 from a user during system operation, e.g., in casehot water is sprayed from a cartridge during beverage formation.

In another aspect of the invention, the cartridge holder and cover arearranged so that pushing down on the cartridge holder relative to theframe 6 moves the cartridge holder 3 from the open to the closedposition and causes the cover 4 to at least partially cover the opening.That is, in this illustrative embodiment, a user may simply push down onthe handle 5 of the cartridge holder 3 to move the cartridge holder 3 tothe closed position. (In this illustrative embodiment, the handle 5 isfixed relative to the cartridge holder 3, and so pushing down on thehandle 5 also pushes down on the cartridge holder 3. Other handlearrangements are possible, particularly with respect to other aspects ofthe invention, e.g., where a handle 5 is rotatable relative to acartridge holder 3.) This feature provides the system 100 with asimplicity of construction and operation with respect to opening andclosing for making beverages. While some embodiments in accordance withaspects of the invention may include linkages, motors, and otherrelatively complicated arrangements for moving the cartridge holder 3,in this illustrative embodiment a user need only push down on thecartridge holder 3 to move it to the closed position, and lift thecartridge holder 3 to move it to the open position. This arrangement canmake the system more intuitive for the user to use, e.g., a natural wayto close an item, such as a door, is to push on the item so as to moveit to the closed position. In this way, this aspect of the invention maymake use of the system 100 easier and less complicated.

While in this embodiment a user may push down on the cartridge holder 3to close it, and lift up on the cartridge holder 3 to open it, otherarrangements in accordance with this aspect of the invention arepossible. For example, while a user may push down on the cartridgeholder 3 to move it to the closed position, such movement may charge aspring-loaded system and engage a latch that keeps the cartridge holder3 in the closed position until the system 100 automatically releases thelatch, allowing the cartridge holder 3 to move upwardly to the openposition without interaction by the user. Such opening of the cartridgeholder 3 could be triggered, for example, by a user pressing a button orotherwise indicating a desire to make a beverage. Also, while in thisembodiment the cartridge holder 3 moves pivotally relative to the frame6, other arrangements are possible, such as having the cartridge holder3 move vertically relative to the frame 6, move vertically and pivotallyrelative to the frame 6, etc.

In another aspect of the invention, the cover, which may at leastpartially cover the opening of the cartridge holder with the cartridgeholder in the closed position and be positioned away from the openingwith the cartridge holder in the open position, may be arranged to movewith the cartridge holder in at least a portion of the cartridge holdermovement between the open and closed positions. For example, as thecartridge holder moves from the open position to the closed position,the cover may move with the cartridge holder during a portion of thecartridge holder's movement, e.g., to help ensure that the cartridgedoes not fall from the cartridge holder and/or to help one or morepiercing elements on the cover to properly engage with the cartridge. Asdiscussed above, in one embodiment, the cartridge holder may move froman open position in which the opening is oriented in an upwardlyinclined position to a closed position in which the opening is orientedin a downwardly inclined position. In such movement, the cartridge maybe at risk of falling from the opening unless some feature is providedto help keep the cartridge engaged with the cartridge holder. Whileother arrangements are possible (such as a friction fit of the cartridgewith the holder, retainer tabs on the holder, etc.), in one aspect ofthe invention, the cover may move with the cartridge holder in a portionof its movement to help keep the cartridge engaged with the holder. Forexample, in one embodiment, the cover may engage with the cartridge andat least partially cover the opening of the holder prior to the holderreaching the closed position. In this way, the system may ensure thatthe cartridge is properly engaged with the cartridge holder and coverbefore the holder reaches the closed position. Also, or alternately,pivotal movement of the cover with the cartridge holder while thecartridge holder moves pivotally to the closed position may allow thecover to move linearly or axially relative to the holder, e.g., to allowpiercing elements on the cover to properly engage the cartridge to allowthe introduction of liquid into the cartridge or receiving of beveragefrom the cartridge. Otherwise, linear or axial movement of the coverrelative to the cartridge and cartridge holder while the holder movespivotally may cause piercing elements on the cover to tear a slit intothe cartridge or otherwise improperly engage with the cartridge.

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of illustrative embodiment of acartridge receiver that may be used in the FIGS. 1-3 embodiment. While acartridge receiver that incorporates aspects of the invention could bearranged in different ways, in this embodiment the cartridge holder 3 ispivotally mounted to the frame 6 by a pivot pin 51 so that the cartridgeholder 3 can move pivotally between an open position (shown in FIG. 4)and a closed position. The cover 4 is mounted to a carrier 41 that ismovably mounted relative to the frame 6 at the pivot pin 51 and isslidably mounted to a base 47. Specifically, a slot 42 of the carrier 41engages with the pin 51 so that the carrier 41 can move pivotally aswell as linearly along the slot 42 relative to the frame 6. The carrier41 can also slide along grooves 47 a in the base 47. Like the cartridgeholder 3, the base 47 is pivotally mounted to the frame at the pivot pin51 so that the base 47 can pivot relative to the frame 6. The carrier 41has a cam slot 43 that engages with a cam follower 31 (e.g., a fixedpin) on the cartridge holder 3. As is explained in more detail below,the cam slot 43 and cam follower 31 engage the carrier 41 and holder 3(and thus engage the base 47 and the holder 3) together so that movementof the holder 3 causes movement of the carrier 41 (and the base 47). Apair of links 44 are pivotally connected between the frame 6 and thecarrier 41. The links 44 cause movement of the carrier 41 along the slot42 to cause the cover 4 to move toward and away from the opening 3 a ofthe holder 3. The links 44 also help limit the pivotal movement of thecarrier 41 and base 47 in an upward direction.

Movement of the cartridge holder 3, cover 4 and carrier 41, and base 47between the open and closed positions is described with reference toFIGS. 5-7. FIG. 5 shows a side view of the assembly of FIG. 4 with thecartridge holder 3 in the open position, and the opening 3 a positionedupwardly away from the cover 4 and carrier 41 in an upwardly inclinedposition ready to receive a cartridge 1, or to have a cartridge 1removed from the holder 3. The carrier 41 is moved forwardly relative tothe base 47 (along the grooves 47 a) and the frame 6 (along the slot 42)so that the pin 51 is located at a leftmost (rear) end of the slot 42.Also, the cam follower 31 of the holder 3 is located at an upper end ofthe cam slot 43, and thus the carrier 41 and base 47 are located at anupwardmost position relative to the frame 6. From the condition shown inFIG. 5, the cartridge holder 3 can be moved downwardly, e.g., pivotedrelative to the frame 6 about the pin 51, toward the carrier 41 and base47. During this initial portion of movement toward the closed position,the cam follower 31 slides along the cam slot 43, which is shaped sothat the carrier 41 and base 47 remain generally stationary relative tothe frame 6.

At an intermediate point between the open and closed positions as shownin FIG. 6, the cartridge holder 3 is pivoted downwardly and receivedinto a space of the carrier 41 so that the opening 3 a is opposed to thecover 4. This intermediate position may be reached, for example, whenthe axis 101 is near the horizontal, such as at an angle within about0-10 degrees of horizontal. At this point, the shape of the cam slot 42changes so that further movement of the holder 3 downwardly toward theclosed position also causes the carrier 41 (and cover 4), and the base47, to move downwardly. (With respect to pivotal movement around the pin51, the base 47 and carrier 41 move together. However, the carrier 41 isarranged to slide rearwardly/forwardly relative to the base 47, asdiscussed above.) In this embodiment, the cam slot 42 is shaped so thatthe carrier 41 and cover 4 move with the cartridge holder 3 toward theclosed position. As a result, the cover 4 will remain opposed to theopening 3 a as the cover 4, carrier 41, base 47 and holder 3 movedownwardly and pivotally relative to the frame 6 to the closed position.This downward motion of the carrier 41 also causes movement of the links44 that pushes the carrier 41 rearwardly (toward the left in the figure)relative to the base 47 and frame 6. That is, downward movement of thecarrier 41 causes the links 44 to move counterclockwise about theirconnection point to the frame as viewed in FIG. 6, which pushes thecarrier 41 to the left so that the slot 42 slides along the pin 51 andthe carrier 41 slides along the grooves 47 a of the base 47. Thismovement causes the cover 4 to move toward the opening 3 a. As a result,the cover 4 may engage, or move toward engagement with, the cartridge 1in the holder 3, e.g., to help hold the cartridge 1 in place. Thus, thecover 4 may function as a retainer to help keep the cartridge 1 in placein the holder 3. Thus, even though the cartridge holder 3 may move sothat the opening 3 a approaches a downwardly inclined position, thecover 4 may help keep the cartridge 1 in place in the holder 3. Also,while not required, the cover 4 in this embodiment includes piercingelements 45, 46 that are arranged to pierce the cartridge 1 as the cover4 moves toward the opening 3 a. As described in more detail below,piercing of the cartridge by the elements 45, 46 may allow liquid to bedelivered to the cartridge 1 and/or beverage to be received from thecartridge 1, but such piercing elements are not required.

FIG. 7 shows the cartridge holder 3 in the closed position. In thisposition, the carrier 41 is slid rearwardly to the left along the slot42 so the pin 51 is located near a front end of the slot 42 and thecartridge holder 3 is brought down into contact with at least a portionof the base 47. With the carrier 41 moved rearwardly, the cover 4 isarranged to at least partially cover the opening 3 a, e.g., so as tocontact the cartridge 1 and hold the cartridge in place. The cover 4 mayengage with the cartridge and/or the holder 3 so as to form a seal(either with the cartridge, the holder 3, or both) so that a leak-freeconnection can be made between the cover and the cartridge or holder 3.As will be appreciated, the arrangement in which the links 44 are nearlyaligned with the slot 42 and pin 51 allows the links 44 to provide goodmechanical advantage to the movement of the cover 4 towards the holder3, allowing the cover 4 to engage the cartridge 1 or holder 3 with astrong clamping force. Thus, with relatively modest downward forceapplied by a user on the holder 3, the cover 4 can be caused to clamptightly against the cartridge and/or holder 3 This clamping arrangementmay be exploited to create a leak-free connection that helps preventliquid and/or beverage from leaking from the cartridge or holder 3 atthe junction with the cover 4.

Movement of the cartridge holder 3 from the closed position to the openposition is the reverse of the relative motions from the open positionto the closed position. That is, upon lifting of the cartridge holder 3upwardly from the closed position, the carrier 41 and cover 4 (and base47) move rotationally with the cartridge holder 3 about the pin 51,while the links 44 cause the carrier 41 and cover 4 to be movedforwardly so the cover 4 moves away from the opening 3 a. At theintermediate position of FIG. 6, the carrier 41 and cover 4 (and base47) stop upward movement (at least in part by the action of the links 44and the cam slot 43 and follower 31) and the cartridge holder 4 movesupwardly to the open position alone. Since the piercing elements 45, 46are disengaged from the cartridge 1 at the intermediate position, thecartridge and cartridge holder 3 are free to move upwardly and away fromthe cover 4 without interference.

Of course, other embodiments, such as one in which the cover 4 does notinclude piercing element 45, 46, but rather inlet and/or outlet portsthat are flush with the cover surface confronting the cartridge 1, thecover 4 need not move with the cartridge holder 3 in any portion of itsmovement. Instead, the cover may remain fixed and stationary relative tothe frame 6 and the cartridge holder 3 may move alone, e.g., thecartridge holder 3 could pivot from an upper position to a lowerposition in which the opening 3 a is opposed to the fixed cover 4.Thereafter, the holder 3 could move radially or linearly so that thecover 4 at least partially covers the opening 3 a.

In another aspect of the invention, a cartridge retainer may be arrangedto hold a cartridge in the cartridge holder opening in at least a partof movement of the cartridge holder from the open to the closedposition. For example, in an embodiment in which a cartridge holder isarranged to move between an open position, in which an opening of thecartridge holder is oriented in an upwardly inclined position to receivea cartridge, and a closed position, in which the opening is oriented ina horizontal or downwardly inclined position, there may be some chancethat the cartridge may fall from the opening. A cartridge retainer mayinclude an engagement portion, such as one or more fingers that engagewith the top surface of the cartridge, that helps keep the cartridge inplace in the cartridge holder opening. By having a cartridge retainerengage with a top surface of the cartridge to help keep the cartridge inplace, a user may be permitted to place the cartridge in a somewhatloose fitting opening of the cartridge holder without concern that thecartridge will fall from the opening when the cartridge holder is moved.That is, while a cartridge could in some embodiments be held in place inthe cartridge holder by a friction fit or other similar arrangement,such engagement between the cartridge and cartridge holder may make thecartridge difficult to place in, or remove from, the cartridge holder.This may impede, for example, the operation of manual or automaticejection or other removal of the cartridge after use. In contrast, acartridge retainer that does not rely on a frictional engagement of thecartridge with the cartridge holder may make cartridge placement/removaleasier, yet still help ensure that a cartridge is properly associatedwith a holder, e.g., as the cartridge holder is moved between open andclosed positions.

As can be seen, for example, in FIGS. 4-6, the system 100 may include acartridge retainer 8 that is positioned adjacent the cartridge holderopening 3 a in a portion of the cartridge holder 3 movement between theopen and closed positions. In this embodiment, the cartridge retainer 8includes an engagement portion that is positioned adjacent the opening 3a at about the time the holder 3 reaches an intermediate position shownin FIG. 6, or somewhat before reaching the intermediate position. Thus,as the cartridge holder approaches or reaches an approximatelyhorizontal position (such that the axis 101 is approximately horizontal)or other position, the cartridge retainer 8 may be positioned torestrain movement of the cartridge 1 from the opening 3 a. In thisembodiment, the cartridge retainer 8 is mounted to the carrier 41 forsliding movement relative to the cover 4 and the cartridge holder 3. Asa result, the cartridge retainer 8 is positioned away from the cartridgeholder 3 when the cartridge holder 3 is in the open position. This maymake placement of a cartridge in the holder 3, or removal of acartridge, easier. While other suitable arrangements may be employed, inthis embodiment, the cartridge retainer 8 includes an engagement portion81 arranged to move in a slot or other groove of the carrier 4 and aresilient element 82 (such as a spring, rubber band, or other component)that biases the engagement portion 81 to move away from the cover 4.Other possible arrangements include having the cartridge retainer 8mounted to the cover 4, having the cartridge retainer mounted to theframe 6, and others. In another embodiment, a cartridge retainer 8 couldinclude an arm mounted to the cartridge holder 3 and arranged to pivotaway from the opening 3 a with the holder 3 in the open position, andpivot toward the opening 3 a as the holder is moved toward the closedposition. Such pivotal motion could be driven by a spring in onedirection and by contact with a portion of the frame 6 in the otherdirection, e.g., as the holder 3 is moved relative to the frame 6.

FIG. 8 shows a top view of the carrier 41, cartridge holder 3 and cover4 in the intermediate position shown in FIG. 6. This view illustrateshow fingers of the engagement portions 81 are positioned adjacent theopening 3 a, e.g., between the opening 3 a and the cover 4, to helprestrain movement of the cartridge 1 from the holder 3. As the cartridgeholder 3 is further moved toward the closed position (see FIG. 7), thecover 4 and engagement portions 81 will move toward the cartridge holder3 by the links 44 sliding the carrier 41 rearwardly. At some point, theengagement portions 81 will contact the top surface of the cartridge 1prior to the cartridge holder 3 reaching the closed position and thecover 4 being positioned over the opening 3 a. This may help theengagement portions 81 to hold the cartridge 1 in place in the holder 3,and in fact, as the carrier 41 is further slid rearwardly, the resilientelements 82 may provide a force on the engagement portions 81 thatresiliently clamps the cartridge 1 in place until the cartridge holder 3reaches the closed position and the cover 4 is pressed against the topsurface of the cartridge.

Of course, since the cartridge retainer 8 in this embodiment is mountedto the carrier 41, the cartridge retainer 8 is arranged to move with thecartridge holder 3 in at least a portion of its movement between theopen and closed positions. This movement with the cartridge holder 3 mayhelp the cartridge retainer 8 better operate to help keep a cartridge 1in place. For example, the cartridge retain 8 may be arranged to movewith the cartridge holder 3 in portions of movement in which a cartridgemight be most likely to fall from the holder 3, such as when an axis 101of the opening 3 a approaches or falls below the horizontal. However,since the retainer 8 only moves with the holder 3 in a portion of itsmovement, the retainer 8 may be positioned away from the holder 3 (or atleast away from the opening 3 a, like the cover 4) to allow access tothe opening 3 a. Other arrangements, such as the retainer 8 including anarm mounted to the holder 3 discussed above, may involve the retainer 8moving with the holder 3 at all times, yet only have the retainer 8function to help restrain a cartridge in the holder 3 in a portion ofthe holder's movement.

The cartridge retainer 8 may also provide a feature of disengaging thecartridge 1 from the cover 4 (as necessary) when the cartridge holder ismoved from the closed position toward the open position. For example, inan embodiment in which the cover 4 includes inlet and/or outlet piercingelements 45, 46 or other inlet/outlet probes, a cartridge 1 may stick toan element 45, 46 or otherwise tend to remain engaged with the cover 4.However, a cartridge retainer 8 may urge the cartridge 1 to move awayfrom the cover 4, pulling the cartridge 1 from a piercing element 45, 46or otherwise helping to keep the cartridge engaged with the opening 3 aof the cartridge holder 3. The retainer 8 may exert a bias to thecartridge 1, e.g., under the force of the resilient element 82, to helpdisengage the cartridge and keep the cartridge 1 in the opening 3 a ofthe holder 3. Of course, as the cartridge holder 3 is moved through theintermediate position and toward the open position, the cartridge holder3 will move away from the cartridge retainer 8 and the cover 4. However,the risk of the cartridge 1 falling from the holder 3 may be reduced,e.g., because the opening 3 a of the holder 3 may be upwardly inclined.

One aspect of the invention included in this illustrative embodiment isthat cartridge retainer may be mounted for movement with the coverrelative to the cartridge holder. That is, although the cartridgeretainer may be arranged to help keep the cartridge in place withrespect to the cartridge holder, the retainer may actually be arrangedfor movement with the cover. This feature may help ensure that thecartridge retainer is positioned away from the cartridge holder when inthe open position so that the retainer does not interfere with placementof a cartridge in the holder, or removal of a cartridge from the holder.

In another aspect of the invention, the cartridge retainer may have anengagement portion positioned between the cartridge holder and the coverwith the cartridge holder in the closed position. This arrangement mayallow for a simpler cartridge retainer arrangement, e.g., fingers orother elements that contact the cartridge top surface need not beretracted or otherwise removed from a space between the cartridge holderand the cover. While in this embodiment the part of the fingers of theengagement portions 81 positioned between the cartridge holder 3 and thecover 4 do not interfere with the formation of a suitable seal (eitherbetween the cartridge and the cartridge holder or between the cartridgeand the cover, if a cartridge is present, and/or between the cartridgeholder and the cover if a cartridge is not present), accommodation maybe made to help ensure a proper seal is formed, such as by having partof the engagement portions received into grooves or other features ofthe cover and/or by arranging the cartridge to deform to accommodate theengagement portions.

Another aspect of the invention included in the embodiment discussedabove is that the cartridge holder, a wall element and the cover mayoperate together to form a chamber in which a cartridge may be enclosed.For example, a wall member may be mounted to the frame (whether fixed ormovable) and define a first portion of a chamber, the cartridge holdermay define a second portion of the chamber, and the cover may define athird portion of the chamber. As discussed above, the cartridge holderand cover may be made movable relative to the frame, and to each other,but when the cartridge holder is in the closed position and the cover iscovering the opening of the cartridge holder, the cartridge holder, thewall member and the cover may define the chamber in a closed state inwhich a cartridge held by the cartridge holder is enclosed. Having achamber in which a cartridge can be enclosed formed by three separableparts may provide advantages such as allowing for automated cartridgeejection, easier cleaning of the cartridge holder or other parts of thechamber, and/or easier manufacture of the system. For example, thecartridge holder may define a top wall, side walls, and a rear wall ofthe chamber, whereas the wall member defines a bottom wall of thechamber, and the cover defines a front wall of the chamber. Thus, thecartridge holder may have a fully open side (the bottom), allowing foreasier access to the cartridge holder interior for cleaning, allowingfor a cartridge to be released from the holder to fall through the openbottom (e.g., for automated ejection), and/or allowing the cartridgeholder to be molded as a single part without requiring overlycomplicated or expensive tooling. Also, by defining a closed chambereven without the presence of a cartridge in the holder, the chamber canbe cleaned by introducing liquid into the chamber with the cartridgeholder in the closed position, e.g., by injecting hot water into one orboth of the piercing elements 45, 46.

FIG. 9 shows a cross sectional view of the cartridge holder 3, carrier42 (and cover 4) and base 47 with the cartridge holder 3 in the closedposition. In this state, the cartridge holder 3 is positioned to contacta wall member 48 of the base 47, which forms a bottom wall of thebeverage forming chamber 49. Also, the cover 4 is positioned to coverthe opening 3 a of the cartridge holder 3, and thus the chamber 49 isenclosed. In some embodiments, the chamber 49 may be substantiallywater-tight such that any liquid introduced into the chamber (such asthrough the piercing elements 45, 46 or a leaking cartridge 1) will notexit the chamber 49, or will exit the chamber 49 only through a definedoutlet 48 a. In this embodiment, the wall member 48 is arranged so that,in the closed position, any liquid on the wall member 48 drainsforwardly to the outlet 48 a, which is formed as a channel or trough inthe wall member 48. The outlet 48 a may direct liquid to an outletchamber 7 that is also arranged to receive beverage from the outletpiercing element 45 and associated conduit (which together may form anoutlet arranged to interface with a cartridge to receive beverage fromthe cartridge). While in this embodiment, a piercing element 45 is shownto be included with a beverage outlet, the outlet need not pierce acartridge, but rather may be arranged to receive beverage, e.g., via anon-piercing port or other arrangement. For example, the outlet mayinclude an opening in the cover 4 that is arranged to receive beveragefrom an opening or other port in a cartridge. Alternately, beverage mayexit the cartridge and pass into the chamber 49 for exit via the outlet48 a.

While in this illustrative embodiment, a chamber is formed by threeseparable portions that are all moveable relative to the frame and toeach other, alternate arrangements are possible. For example, the wallmember could be fixed to the frame and arranged to mate with thecartridge holder when the holder is moved to the closed position.Similarly, the cartridge holder could be made fixed to the frame and thecover and wall member may move relative to the holder to form thechamber, or the cover could be made stationary relative to the frame andthe wall member and holder movable.

In another aspect of the invention, an outlet that interfaces with acartridge or a beverage formation chamber to receive beverage may bearranged to be fluidly coupled to an outlet chamber only when thecartridge holder is in a closed position. This arrangement may allow anoutlet to be associated with a movable cover or other portion of acartridge chamber, yet eliminate any need for flexible conduits or otherconnections between the outlet and an outlet chamber or otherarrangement that delivers beverage to a user's cup or other container.Instead, a fluid connection between the outlet on the cover or otherpart may be broken when the cartridge chamber is opened and reconnectedwhen the cartridge chamber is closed, i.e., when the system is ready tomake a beverage.

In this illustrative embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the outlet piercingelement 45 includes a conduit that extends downwardly from the cover 4and is arranged to mate with an inlet opening 71 of an outlet chamber 7when the cartridge holder 3 is in a closed position. The conduit may bearranged to form a suitable seal with the inlet opening 71, e.g., byhaving a portion of the conduit pass into the inlet opening 71, and aflange or other seal element on the conduit engage with the outletchamber 7 housing. The conduit itself may be made of a resilientmaterial, such as a silicone rubber, to help form a suitable seal withthe inlet opening 71 and/or accommodate minor misalignment or movementbetween the conduit and the inlet opening 71. Of course, otherarrangements are possible, and the conduit need not form a seal with theinlet opening 71, but rather may simply discharge beverage into theopening 71. As described above, opening of the cartridge holder 3 causesthe cover 4 to move upwardly relative to the outlet chamber 7, and thusmove the outlet piercing element 45 and its conduit upwardly away fromthe inlet opening 71. As a result, the conduit will only be arranged forfluid communication with the inlet opening 71 with the cover 4 and/orcartridge holder 3 in the closed position and ready to form a beverage.

As discussed above, an outlet for beverage formed in the chamber 49 neednot pass through a piercing element 45 and associated conduit. Forexample, beverage may simply drain from the cartridge 1 into the chamber49 and to the wall member 48. As can also be seen in FIG. 9, beverage orother liquid in the chamber 49 may drain to the outlet 48 a of the wallmember 48, which directs the liquid to a drain opening 72 of the outletchamber 7. While in this embodiment the drain opening 72 is separatefrom the outlet opening 73 through which beverage from the piercingelement 45 exits the outlet chamber 7, the two openings 72, 73 could becombined into one, if desired.

In another aspect of the invention, an outlet chamber that outputsbeverage to a user's cup or other container may be arranged to controlbubble size, bubble volume, a bubble to liquid ratio, beverage flow rateor other velocity, and/or other characteristics of a beverage foam thatmay be created when making a beverage. That is, in the formation of somebeverages, foam or other bubbles may be created. The way in which foamis created may vary, such as by introducing air, steam, liquid and/orcombinations of such materials into the cartridge 1, whipping a beverageusing a mechanical whipping element to introduce air bubbles, passingthe beverage through a venturi structure configured to inject air intothe flowing beverage stream, etc., and in some cases it may be desirableto control an amount of foam for beverage liquid produced, the maximumsize of bubbles created, and other characteristics of the foam. Theinventors have appreciated that characteristics of a foam produced maybe conditioned by use of a suitably configured chamber through whichbeverage and/or foam passes to a user's cup. In one illustrativeembodiment further illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11, a standpipe 74fluidly arranged between the inlet opening 71 and the outlet opening 73of an outlet chamber 7 may help control characteristics of foam.Moreover, aspects of the invention incorporated into the outlet chamber7 provide for foam conditioning regardless of the volume of beveragecreated and passed through the outlet chamber 7. (Note that the topperspective view of FIG. 10 does not include an upper portion of theoutlet chamber 7 that defines the inlet opening 71. This upper portionhas been removed for clarity, but it should be understood that theoutlet chamber 7 defines a generally enclosed space between the inletopening 71 and the outlet opening 73/secondary outlet opening 76.) Thestandpipe 74 may extend upwardly from the bottom of the outlet chamber7, and may partially surround the outlet opening 73 and/or the secondaryoutlet opening 76. For example, one portion 74 a of the standpipe 74 maybe positioned between the inlet opening 71 and the outlet opening 73,and another portion 74 b may be positioned between the outlet opening 73and a secondary outlet opening 76. The first portion 74 a of thestandpipe 74 may function to block a direct pathway from the inletopening 71 to the outlet opening 73, and thus delay the exit of bubblesfrom the chamber 7. This time delay may reduce the size of bubbles inthe beverage, e.g., since larger bubbles may tend to burst in less timethan smaller bubbles, or have other desired effects of conditioningbubble size. Also, the standpipe 74 may force bubbles to pass through arelatively narrow space between the first and second portions 74 a, 74 bto the outlet opening 73, causing larger bubbles to burst or beprevented from exiting. In one embodiment, the first portion 74 a of thestandpipe 74 between the inlet opening 71 and outlet opening 73 isformed by two, flat vertical walls that extend upwardly from the chamber7 bottom and are joined together at an angle to each other.

The second portion 74 b of the standpipe 74 may be separate from thefirst portion 74 a and may include a wall element that extends upwardlyfrom the chamber 7 bottom and completely surrounds the secondary outletopening 76 so that liquid and/or foam that exits the opening 76 isrequired to pass over the wall element. By helping to resist the passageof liquid to the secondary opening 76, the second portion 74 b may helpdischarge foam from the outlet chamber 7. For example, since foam tendsto be lighter than liquid and the outlet opening 73 is positioned at abottom of the chamber 7, liquid will tend to exit the chamber 7 beforeany foam, leaving the foam behind to accumulate. However, since thesecondary opening 76 is positioned above the opening 73 and the passageof liquid to the secondary opening 76 is resisted (e.g., by the secondportion 74 b of the standpipe), foam may exit through the secondaryopening 76 simultaneous with liquid exiting the opening 73. This mayhelp ensure that foam, being lighter than liquid beverage, is nottrapped in the outlet chamber 7, but instead has an exit via thesecondary opening 76. Foam may not compete with much liquid beverage forexit at the secondary opening 76 because the wall of the second portion74 b prevents liquid from moving to the secondary opening 76 withoutpassing over the wall. In addition, the secondary outlet opening 76 mayprovide a beverage exit passageway if the outlet opening 73 becomesclogged, whether by particulate matter, a foam mass, or other. One ormore ribs 75 may extend from the secondary opening 76 downwardly to theoutlet opening 73, thereby directing fluid flow from the opening 76 tothe outlet opening 73. In this way, foam, liquid or other materialexiting the secondary opening 76 may be merged with material exiting theoutlet opening 73. Other arrangements for aiding foam exit andconditioning are possible, such as having a secondary opening 76 formedin a sidewall of the chamber 7. This arrangement may allow for thepreferential exit of foam while eliminating any need for a wall portionas in the illustrated embodiment. Also, or in addition, the arrangementof the standpipe portions and/or other aspects of the outlet chamber mayhelp to reduce a velocity of the beverage at the inlet opening beforethe beverage exits the outlet chamber. That is, a velocity of thebeverage at the outlet opening 73 and secondary opening 76 may be lowerthan a velocity of the beverage entering the inlet opening 71. This mayhelp reduce spraying and/or splashing of the beverage when exiting theoutlet chamber and transiting to the user's cup 2 or other location. Theoutlet chamber may function as a kind of reservoir or capacitor thatreduces flow surges or other variations in beverage flow from the outletchamber, and has an overall effect of reducing beverage flow rate.

Another feature of the outlet chamber 7 (shown in FIG. 11) is that theoutlet opening 73 includes one or more ribs 75 that extend verticallythrough and below the opening 73. These ribs 75 may help direct the flowof liquid in a desired direction, e.g., downwardly in an approximatelyvertical direction (or other single direction) so as to help reducesplashing. The ribs 75 may also help to direct the formation of anybubbles at the opening 73, e.g., to help reduce the likelihood of bubbleformation, and if any bubbles do form, to help limit their size and/orthe area in which the bubbles form. Thus, for example, the ribs 75 maypuncture larger bubbles and/or help direct bubble formation (if any) toremain localized around the outlet opening 73.

In one embodiment, the outlet chamber 7 may be made removable from thesystem 100, e.g., for replacement, cleaning, and/or exchange with adifferent outlet chamber 7. For example, an outlet chamber 7 may bedesigned specifically for the discharge of certain beverages, such ashot chocolate, and the suitable foam conditioning required for thosebeverages, whereas another outlet chamber 7 may be designed for otherbeverages, such as tea, and the suitable foam conditioning (e.g., foamremoval) from such beverages. By exchanging outlet chambers 7, a usermay configure the system 100 for the creation of beverages havingdesired characteristics.

FIG. 12 shows a schematic block diagram of various components that maybe included in a beverage forming apparatus 100 in one illustrativeembodiment. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that a beverageforming apparatus 100 may be configured in a variety of different ways,and thus aspects of the invention should not be narrowly interpreted asrelating only to one type of beverage forming apparatus. Water or otherliquid from a storage tank 110 may be provided via a supply conduit 111to a pump 112 (such as a centrifugal pump, piston pump, solenoid pump,diaphragm pump, etc.), which pumps the liquid via a pump conduit 115 toa heating tank or chamber 118. Operation of the water pump 112 and othercomponents of the apparatus 100 may be controlled by a controller 130,e.g., including a programmed processor and/or other data processingdevice along with suitable software or other operating instructions, oneor more memories (including non-transient storage media that may storesoftware and/or other operating instructions), temperature and liquidlevel sensors, pressure sensors, input/output interfaces, communicationbuses or other links, a display, switches, relays, triacs, or othercomponents necessary to perform desired input/output or other functions.The heating tank 118 may be filled with a desired amount of liquid byany suitable technique, such as running the pump 112 for a predeterminedtime, sensing a water level in the heating tank 118 using a conductiveprobe sensor or capacitive sensor, detecting a pressure rise in heatingtank 118 when the liquid fills the tank, or using any other viabletechnique. For example, the controller 130 may detect that the heatingtank 118 is completely filled when a pressure sensor detects a rise inpressure indicating that the water has reached the top of the heatingtank 118. Alternately, the controller 130 may not detect whether thetank 118 is filled or not, and simply assume that the tank 118 is filledonce a first fill operation is completed.

Water in the tank may be heated, if desired, by way of a heating element123 whose operation is controlled by the controller 130 using input froma temperature sensor or other suitable input. Water in the heating tank118 may be dispensed via a heating tank conduit 119 to a cartridgechamber 49 or other beverage forming station. Although in thisembodiment the conduit 119 is shown extending below the top of the tank118, the conduit 119 may be arranged in any suitable way, such asconnected simply to the top of the tank 119 without extending into thetank at all. The cartridge chamber 49 may include any beverage makingingredient, such as ground coffee, tea, a flavored drink mix, or othersubstance, e.g., contained in a cartridge 1. Liquid may be dischargedfrom the heating tank 118 by pressurizing the metering tank with airprovided by an air pump 121 that causes the liquid to be discharged outof a tube 117 and into the heating tank conduit 119. Completion of thedispensing from the heating tank 118 may be detected in any suitableway, such as by detecting a pressure drop in the heating tank 118, bydetecting a water level change in the heating tank 118, use of a flowmeter, or using any other viable techniques. Liquid may alternately bedischarged from the heating tank 118 by the pump 112 operating to forceadditional liquid into the tank 118, thereby displacing water out of thetank 118 and to the brew chamber. A flow sensor or other suitable devicemay be used to determine the amount of liquid delivered to the tank 118,and thus the amount of liquid delivered to the brew chamber.Alternately, the pump 12 may be a piston-type, diaphragm-type or otherpump arranged such that a known volume of liquid may be delivered fromthe pump 112 to the tank 118, thus causing the same known volume to bedelivered to the cartridge chamber 49. Thus, a specified volume ofliquid may be delivered to the cartridge chamber 49 by operating thepump 112 to deliver the specified volume of liquid to the tank 118.Liquid may be introduced into the cartridge 1 at any suitable pressure,e.g., 1-2 psi or higher. Once liquid delivery by the pump 112 iscomplete, an air pump 121 may be operated to force air into the top ofthe tank 118 and/or into the conduit 119 to clear the conduit 119 andcartridge 1 of liquid, at least to some extent.

While in this illustrative embodiment, a liquid supply system arrangedto provide liquid to a beverage forming chamber (the cartridge chamber49) may include a heating tank 118, pump 112, storage tank 110 and othercomponents, these components are not necessarily required. Instead, anysuitable arrangement for providing liquid to a chamber may be employed,whether using gravity, a pump, air pressure or other motive force tomove liquid. Also, it is not necessarily required that liquid be heatedprior to being provided for mixing with a beverage medium. Instead,liquid may be provided for forming a beverage at any suitabletemperature.

Once a cartridge is located in the cartridge chamber 49 in the closedposition, the beverage forming system 100 may use the cartridge 1 toform a beverage. For example, one or more inlet needles 46 associatedwith the cover 4 may pierce the cartridge 1 so as to inject heated wateror other liquid into the cartridge 1. The injected liquid may form thedesired beverage or a beverage precursor. As is known in the art, thecartridge 1 may take any suitable form such as those commonly known as asachet, pod, capsule, container or other. For example, the cartridge 1may include an impermeable outer covering within which is housed abeverage medium, such as roasted and ground coffee or other. Thecartridge 1 may also include a filter so that a beverage formed byinteraction of the liquid with the beverage medium passes through thefilter before being dispensed into a container 2. As will be understoodby those of skill in the art, cartridges in the form of a pod (e.g.,having opposed layers of permeable filter paper encapsulating a beveragemedium) may use the outer portion of the cartridge 1 to filter thebeverage formed. The cover 4 may also include one or more outlet needles45 or other elements to puncture or pierce the cartridge 1 at an outletside to permit the formed beverage to exit the cartridge 1. Otherarrangements for a beverage outlet are possible however, e.g., thecartridge may have a permeable portion that allows beverage to enter thechamber 49 and subsequently exit via the outlet channel 48 a to theoutlet chamber 7, and others. Also, there is no requirement that aninlet and/or an outlet pierce a cartridge to provide liquid to, orreceive beverage from, a cartridge. Instead, communication with acartridge may be performed using any suitable ports or other features.

Although in the embodiments above the cartridge holder and other movableportions are driven by hand, other arrangements are envisioned forvarious aspects of the invention. For example, a motorized actuator maybe used to move the cartridge holder, rather than a manually-operatedhandle. A motorized actuator may cause relative motion of components inresponse to a push-button operation, completion of a beverage formationcycle, or other input or condition. Also, to the extent differentmovable components are linked together in some fashion, such linkagesare not limited to engagement via a cam and cam follower or otherconfigurations discussed above. Other arrangements are possible, such asa pair of gears or a rack and pinion engagement (including straight orcurved rack configurations).

FIGS. 13 and 14 show an exploded view and cross-sectional side view of acartridge 1 that may be used in the embodiments discussed above. Whileaspects of the invention may be used with any suitable cartridge, or nocartridge at all, the illustrative embodiment shown may provide featuresthat enhance the operation of a beverage forming system 100. Thecartridge 1 in this example may be used in a beverage machine to formany suitable beverage such as tea, coffee, other infusion-typebeverages, beverages formed from a liquid or powdered concentrate, etc.Thus, the cartridge 1 may contain any suitable beverage medium 20, e.g.,ground coffee, tea leaves, dry herbal tea, powdered beverageconcentrate, dried fruit extract or powder, powdered or liquidconcentrated bouillon or other soup, powdered or liquid medicinalmaterials (such as powdered vitamins, drugs or other pharmaceuticals,nutriceuticals, etc.), and/or other beverage-making material (such aspowdered milk or other creamers, sweeteners, thickeners, flavorings, andso on). In one illustrative embodiment, the cartridge 1 contains abeverage medium 20 that is configured for use with a machine that formscoffee and/or tea beverages, however, aspects of the invention are notlimited in this respect.

In this illustrative embodiment, the cartridge 1 includes a container 12that includes an interior space 14 having a first chamber 14 a and asecond chamber 14 b that are separated by a filter 30. It should beunderstood, however, that other additional chambers in the interiorspace and/or sub-portions or areas of the first and second chambers, maybe provided in other embodiments. For example, it is possible for thecartridge to have three spaces that separated by two filters (e.g., afirst filter separates two portions of a first chamber and a secondfilter separates the first and second chambers), and so on. In anotherembodiment, the first or second chamber may be separated into twoportions by a venturi or other feature that introduces air into abeverage. Thus, the first and/or second chambers may be divided orotherwise separated into two or more portions or areas by filters,walls, dividers, passageways, and other features.

In this embodiment, the container 12 may have a frustoconical cup shapewith a sidewall 17 and an opening 13. However, in other embodiments, thecontainer 12 may have a fluted, conical, or cylindrical shape, may be inthe form of a square or rectangular cup, a domed cup, a sphere orpartial sphere, or other suitable form, may have a fluted, corrugated,or otherwise shaped sidewall, and so on. Also, the container 12 need notnecessarily have a defined shape, as is the case with some beveragesachets and pods. For example, although the container 12 in thisembodiment has a relatively rigid and/or resilient construction so thatthe container 12 tends to maintain its shape, the container 12 could bemade to have a more compliant and/or deformable arrangement, e.g., likea sachet container made from a sheet of deformable material. Thus, aninterior space defined by the container 12 may be formed only after thecontainer material is formed around a beverage medium, filter and/orother cartridge components, similar to when two filter paper layers(container material) are joined together around a charge of coffeegrounds to form a pod or other form of cartridge.

If the container 12 includes an opening 13, the opening 13 may be closedby a lid 38, e.g., a foil and polymer laminate material that is attachedto a rim 19 of the container 12. (Although in this embodiment the rim 19is arranged as an annular flange-like element, the rim 19 may bearranged in other ways. For example, the rim 19 may be the top edge ofthe sidewall 17 without any flange element.) The container 12 and/or thelid 38 may provide a bather to moisture and/or gases, such as oxygen.For example, the container 12 may be made of a polymer laminate, e.g.,formed from a sheet including a layer of polystyrene or polypropyleneand a layer of EVOH and/or other barrier material, such as a metallicfoil. Such an arrangement may provide suitable protection for thebeverage medium 20, e.g., from unwanted exposure from moisture, oxygenand/or other materials. It should be understood, however, that thecontainer 12 and/or the lid 38 may be made of other materials orcombinations of materials, such as biopolymers, compostable polymers,paper, foils, etc.

The filter 30 may be attached to the lid 38 at a periphery 32 that isspaced inwardly and away from the rim 19. In addition, the filter 30 mayextend from the periphery 32 at least partially into the interior space14. As mentioned above, the filter 30 may be arranged between the firstand second chambers 14 a and 14 b of the interior space 14 so thatliquid in the first chamber 14 a of the interior space (e.g., thatinteracts with beverage medium 20) flows through the filter 30 andtoward the second chamber 14 b of the interior space 14 before exitingthe container 12. The filter 30 may function to remove materials over acertain size from a liquid, e.g., may remove coffee grounds from liquidin the first chamber 14 a, allowing a coffee beverage to pass throughthe filter 30 to the second chamber 14 b. For example, the filter mayinclude a piece of filter paper that is arranged to allow a liquid anddissolved and/or suspended materials of a certain size to pass, yetprevent relatively large particles from flowing through the filter. Ofcourse, the filter 30 may have multiple stages, e.g., a coarse filterportion that filters out relatively large particles, followed by a finefilter portion that filters relatively smaller particles, and so on. Inaddition, the filter 30 may include one or more portions that functionto filter liquid passing through the filter 30, as well as portions thatare impermeable or otherwise restrict flow. Thus, the filter 30 mayinclude two or more separate components, if desired. For example, thefilter 30 may include a rigid, impermeable plastic sleeve that isattached to the lid 38 at the periphery 32. At a location away from thelid 38, a porous filter paper may be attached to the sleeve. Thus, notall portions of the filter need be permeable to liquids. The filter 30may also have areas with different permeability, e.g., to help directflow toward one or more areas of the filter 30. For example, regions ofthe filter 30 near the lid 38 in FIG. 1 may have a relatively lowerpermeability as compared to regions further away from the lid 38. Thismay help encourage flow through the beverage medium 20 toward lowerregions of the filter 30, potentially improving the dissolution ofmaterials in the medium 20 into the liquid.

The filter 30 may also, or alternately, function to help prevent themovement of materials from the second chamber 14 b to the first chamber14 a. For example, the cartridge 1 may include a beverage medium 20 inthe second chamber 14 b and no beverage medium 20 in the first chamber14 a. In this case, the filter 30 may help prevent contact of thebeverage medium 20 with a needle or other liquid inlet that pierces thelid 38 to introduce water or other liquid into the cartridge 1. Forexample, some beverage media 20, such as powdered drink mixes, can clogor otherwise foul an inlet needle if allowed to contact the needle. Thefilter 30 may help prevent such contact, helping to maintain properoperation of the cartridge and preparation of a beverage.

In some embodiments, the filter 30 may be the only element in theinterior space 14 that separates the first and second chambers 14 a and14 b (as in the FIGS. 1-3 embodiment). In other arrangements, othercomponents, such as walls, ribs, or other structures in addition to thefilter 30, may physically separate two or more portions of the interiorspace 14 from each other. However, regardless of the manner in which thefilter is arranged, a permeable portion of the filter 30 may be the onlycomponent that separates or divides two or more portions of the interiorspace 14 in a flow-wise sense, e.g., liquid may need to flow through thepermeable portion of the filter 30 to pass from the first chamber 14 ato the second chamber 14 b.

In this illustrative embodiment, the filter 30 may have a substantiallyfrustoconical shape with fluted or pleated sidewalls and a generallyflat bottom, as shown. However, the filter 30 may have any suitableshape, such as a cylindrical shape, a square cup shape, a domed shape, aflat sheet, or other. The filter 30 may be the attached to the lid 38 inany suitable way, such as by an adhesive, thermal welding, ultrasonicwelding, chemical bonding, crimping or other mechanical bonding, etc. Aswill be understood, the shape of the periphery 32 may depend on theshape of the filter, at least at an upper end of the filter 30. In thisembodiment, the periphery 32 has a circular shape, but oval,rectangular, triangular, irregular and other shapes are possible. Inthis illustrative embodiment, the filter 30 may include a permeablefilter paper made of a combination of polypropylene and cellulosematerials and may be attached to the lid 38 at an upper portion of thefilter 30 by thermal welding. As can be seen in FIGS. 1-3, the upperportion of the filter 30 that is attached to the lid 38 may have anannular, or washer-like shape that extends radially outwardly as shownfrom the periphery 32 (or inwardly in other embodiments), but suchradial extension is not required. In some embodiments, the portion ofthe filter attached to the lid 38 may extend radially outwardly from theperiphery to, and over, the rim 19 such that part of the filter 30 issandwiched between the lid 38 and the rim 19.

When using the cartridge 1 to form a beverage, the lid 38 and/or thecontainer 12 may be pierced to introduce liquid into the cartridge andreceive beverage from the cartridge. (As used herein, “beverage” refersto a liquid substance intended for drinking that is formed when a liquidinteracts with a beverage medium. Thus, beverage refers to a liquid thatis ready for consumption, e.g., is dispensed into a cup and ready fordrinking, as well as a liquid that will undergo other processes ortreatments, such as filtering or the addition of flavorings, creamer,sweeteners, another beverage, etc., before being consumed.) To introduceliquid into the cartridge, for example, as shown in FIG. 14, a portionof the lid 38 generally circumscribed by the periphery 32 may be piercedby an inlet piercing element 46 (e.g., a needle) so that water or otherliquid may be injected into the cartridge 1. Other inlet piercingarrangements are possible, such as multiple needles, a shower head, anon-hollow needle, a cone, a pyramid, a knife, a blade, etc. A beveragemachine that uses the cartridge may include multiple piercing elementsof the same type or of different types, as the invention is not limitedin this respect. In another arrangement, a beverage machine may includea piercing element (such as a spike) that forms an opening andthereafter a second inlet element (such as a tube) may pass through theformed hole to introduce liquid into (or conduct liquid out of) thecontainer. In other embodiments, the lid 38 may be pierced, or otherwiseeffectively opened for flow, by introducing pressure at an exterior ofthe lid 38. For example, a water inlet may be pressed and sealed to thelid 38 exterior and water pressure introduced at the site. The waterpressure may cause the lid 38 to be pierced or otherwise opened to allowflow into the cartridge 1. In another arrangement, the lid 38 mayinclude a valve, conduit or other structure that opens when exposed to asuitable pressure and/or when mated with a water inlet tube or otherstructure.

The cartridge 1 may also be penetrated by an outlet piercing element 45(e.g., a needle) at a second portion of the lid 38 outside of theperiphery 32 and apart from the inlet opening. As with the inletpiercing arrangement, the outlet piercing arrangement may be varied inany suitable way. Thus, the outlet piercing element 45 may include oneor more hollow or solid needles, knives, blades, tubes, and so on.Alternately, the cartridge 1 may include a valve, septum or otherelement that opens to permit beverage to exit when liquid is introducedinto the cartridge, but otherwise remains closed (e.g., to protect thebeverage medium from external conditions such as oxygen, moisture orothers). In such a case, no piercing element for forming the outletopening is necessarily required although may be used, e.g., to allow thevalve or other element to open. Also, in this illustrative embodimentthe piercing element 45 remains in place to receive beverage as it exitsthe opening formed in the container 12 or lid 38. However, in otherembodiments, the piercing element 45 may withdraw after forming anopening, allowing beverage to exit the opening and be received withoutthe piercing element 45 being extended into the cartridge 1.

The cartridge 1 may include an element that helps to distribute liquidthat is introduced into the cartridge to the beverage medium and/or thathelps resist contact of a fluid inlet with the beverage medium. In theillustrative embodiment shown in FIGS. 13-14, the cartridge includes aflow distributor 33 that is positioned between the inlet 46 and thebeverage medium 20. In this embodiment, the flow distributor 33functions to help incoming water or other liquid more evenly wet thebeverage medium 20 as well as help resist contact of the inlet 46 withthe beverage medium. Of course, the performance of both functions is notrequired, e.g., the flow distributor 33 may influence the flow of liquidinto the cartridge, but not resist contact of beverage media with theinlet. More even wetting of the beverage medium 20 or other flow controlcan help the cartridge produce a desired beverage, e.g., by morecompletely dissolving materials in the beverage medium 20, by improvingextraction of soluble and insoluble substances from the beverage medium20, by improving flow of beverage through the filter, and so on.Reducing contact of the beverage medium 20 with the inlet 46 can helpreduce the likelihood of clogging of the inlet and/or leaving a portionof the beverage medium on the inlet 46 (which may have an affect on thetaste of a next beverage made when the inlet 46 pierces a differentcartridge having a different type of beverage medium).

In this illustrative embodiment, the flow distributor 33 is formed of apermeable material, such as a filter paper, that is attached to the lid38 at a location within the periphery 32. Thus, the flow distributor 33can help prevent the streaming of incoming liquid in a single direction(or two or more specific directions) that might cause the liquid to“tunnel” through the beverage medium 20. Such “tunneling” can cause ashort circuit where liquid does not sufficiently interact with thebeverage medium 20, resulting in an unacceptably weak product. The flowdistributor 33 may take other forms, however, such as a perforated discplaced on the beverage medium 20, a piece of filter paper placed on thebeverage medium 20, and others.

As discussed above and shown in FIG. 15, the cartridge may be used toform a beverage while the cartridge is positioned with the lid 38 belowthe container 12. Although the cartridge 1 could be used with the lid 38(or a portion of the lid) lying in a horizontal plane or a verticalplane, some cartridge holder arrangements discussed above position thelid 38 in a plane that is transverse to the horizontal plane, e.g., in aplane that is at an angle θ of about 70 to 80 degrees to the horizontalplane (e.g., so the axis 101 of the cartridge holder opening 3 a isabout 0-20 degrees below the horizontal). This orientation may provideseveral advantages including enabling more complete wetting of thebeverage medium and/or more complete draining of beverage from thecartridge. The orientation shown in FIG. 5 may enable better wetting orother interaction of liquid introduced into the cartridge with thebeverage medium 20 because the liquid may be able to “flood” theinterior space of the cartridge 1, e.g., fill the first chamber 14 a andat least part of the second chamber 14 b with liquid such that all ormost of the beverage medium 20 is saturated with the liquid. Thecartridge 1 may be provided with a vent that is separate from thebeverage outlet that permits the release of gas from the cartridge as itis filled with liquid. The vent may be provided by a one-way valve(e.g., a septum, duck bill valve, or other) that is attached to the lid38 or container 12 and opens in response to increased pressure in thecartridge 1, may be provided by a piercing element 54 that pierces thelid 38 (as shown in FIG. 15) or container 12 to allow gas and/or liquidto escape, and other arrangements. (Although the element 54 is describedas providing a vent for the cartridge 1, the element 54 may provideother functions in addition, or in the alternate, to venting thecartridge. For example, the element 54 may provide an alternate liquidinflow and/or outflow path, and/or may be used to introduce air pressureinto the cartridge 1, e.g., to help purge the cartridge 1 of anyremaining beverage at the end of a beverage creation cycle. Also,although the element 54 is shown as a single piercing needle, theelement 54 may be arranged in other ways like the inlet and outletelements 46, 45. For example, the element 54 may include one or moreblades, tubes, knives, solid or hollow needles, and so on to provideventing, liquid inlet or outlet, and/or purging functions.)

Having the lid 38 in a plane transverse to the horizontal may also allowfor better draining of beverage from the cartridge 1. That is, since thecartridge 1 is tilted so that one side of the cartridge is lower thanthe other, beverage may tend to drain to the lowered side of thecartridge. Also, the beverage outlet opening may be formed at or nearthis lowered side so that all or most of any liquid in the cartridge 1can be removed. This feature may provide at least two benefits includingreduced dripping or unwanted leakage of liquid when a user removes thecartridge from the beverage machine and/or more complete and efficientusage of the beverage medium since little or no beverage would be leftin the cartridge.

Another aspect of the invention shown in FIG. 16 is that a useractivatible button 62 or other interface that causes the system 100 tobegin a beverage making process is located on the cartridge holder 3. Inthis embodiment the activation button 62 is located adjacent the handle5. This feature may make for a system 100 that is easier and moreintuitive for a user to operate. For example, a user may find thatinteracting with a single component of the system 100—the cartridgeholder 3—for open and closing, placement and removal of a cartridge, andactivating the start of a beverage making process may be simpler andmore intuitive than having to interact with several different, separatecomponents of the system 100. Some systems 100 require a user tointeract with a handle that is separate from a cartridge holder to openand close the cartridge holder for the placement/removal of a cartridge.In some cases, a user may find the operation of the opening and closingof the cartridge holder to be confusing, in part because the handle isphysically separate from the cartridge holder. Once the cartridge isplaced for making a beverage, some systems may require the user tointeract with yet another physically separate and distant element tostart the brewing process. For users unfamiliar with such a system,operation may be difficult to successfully achieve. However, by having arelatively simple and physically compact configuration of a cartridgeholder, handle and activation button 62 all located together may makethe user experience less difficult. In the embodiments described herein,a user may simply lift the handle 5 and cartridge holder 3 to expose theopening 3 a, place a cartridge in the holder 3, push down on the handle5 to close the chamber 3, and then press the activation button 62located relatively close to the handle 5. The simplicity of operationmay be particularly advantageous in situations where the system 100 isemployed in a public setting, such as in an office or beverage vendingenvironment, where users are interacting with the system 100 on aregular or frequent basis. The button 62 may take any suitable form,such as an activatable switch having an element arranged to be pressedby a user's finger, a touch screen interface, an element that senses thepresence of a user's finger whether by capacitance, resistance, voltage,etc., and others.

Having thus described several aspects of at least one embodiment of thisinvention, it is to be appreciated various alterations, modifications,and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Suchalterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be part ofthis disclosure, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope ofthe invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description and drawings areby way of example only.

What is claimed is:
 1. A beverage forming system comprising: a framearranged to support portions of the beverage forming system; a cartridgeholder mounted to the frame and having an opening to receive and hold acartridge; a cover arranged to cover the opening of the cartridge holderin a closed position, and the cover being positioned away from theopening of the cartridge holder in an open position to permit placementof the cartridge in the cartridge holder; a cartridge retainerpositioned between the opening of the cartridge holder and the cover inthe closed position, the cartridge retainer being arranged to engagewith the cartridge to hold the cartridge in the cartridge holder openingwith movement of the cover away from the cartridge holder as thecartridge holder moves from the closed position to the open position;and an inlet arranged to provide fluid to the cartridge held by thecartridge holder for the formation of a beverage.
 2. The system of claim1, wherein the cartridge holder is arranged to hold and move thecartridge relative to the frame between the open position and the closedposition.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the cartridge holder isarranged to hold and move the cartridge between the open position inwhich the opening of the cartridge holder is oriented in an upwardlyinclined position to receive the cartridge, and the closed position inwhich the opening is oriented in a horizontal or a downwardly inclinedposition.
 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the opening has an axis thatis perpendicular to a plane of the opening, and the axis is arranged atan angle of about 30-50 degrees above the horizontal with the cartridgeholder in the open position, and the axis is arranged at about 0-20degrees below the horizontal with the cartridge holder in the closedposition.
 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the cartridge holder ispivotally mounted relative to the frame to rotate between the open andthe closed positions.
 6. The system of claim 2, wherein the cartridgeholder includes a handle that is manipulable by a user to move thecartridge holder between the open and closed positions.
 7. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the cover is mounted to the frame for movement relativeto the frame and relative to the cartridge holder.
 8. The system ofclaim 2, wherein the cover is arranged to move pivotally with thecartridge holder and relative to the frame in a portion of the cartridgeholder movement between the open and closed positions.
 9. The system ofclaim 8, wherein the cover is arranged to move toward the opening andrelative to the frame in a portion of the cartridge holder movementbetween the open and closed positions.
 10. The system of claim 1,wherein the cartridge retainer is mounted for movement with the coverrelative to the cartridge holder.
 11. The system of claim 10, whereinthe cartridge retainer is arranged for movement relative to the cover.12. The system of claim 1, wherein a portion of the inlet thatinterfaces with the cartridge is mounted to the cover.
 13. The system ofclaim 12, wherein the portion of the inlet that interfaces with thecartridge includes a piercing element arranged to pierce the cartridgeand to deliver fluid to the cartridge.
 14. The system of claim 2,further comprising a carrier that is movably mounted to the frame,wherein the cover is attached to the carrier, and the cartridge retaineris movably mounted to the carrier.
 15. The system of claim 14, whereinthe carrier is pivotally mounted to the frame, and the cartridge holderis pivotally mounted to the frame, and wherein the carrier is arrangedto move with the cartridge holder in a portion of the cartridge holdermovement between the open and closed positions.
 16. The system of claim15, wherein the cover is mounted to the carrier so as to move pivotallywith the carrier and the cartridge holder in the portion of thecartridge holder movement between the open and closed positions, and thecover and the cartridge retainer are mounted to the carrier to sliderelative to the cartridge holder.
 17. The system of claim 16, whereinthe cartridge retainer is slidably mounted to the carrier and aresilient element urges the cartridge retainer to move away from thecover.
 18. The system of claim 1, wherein the cartridge retainer isslidably mounted to move relative to the cover, and a resilient elementurges the cartridge retainer to move away from the cover.
 19. The systemof claim 1, wherein the cartridge retainer is arranged to resilientlyurge the cartridge in the cartridge holder to move away from the coverwith movement of the cover away from the cartridge holder.
 20. Abeverage forming system comprising: a frame arranged to support portionsof the beverage forming system; a cartridge holder movably mounted tothe frame and having an opening to receive a cartridge, the openinglying in a plane, and a direction of the opening being perpendicular tothe plane and pointing away from the cartridge holder, and the cartridgeholder arranged to hold and move the cartridge between an open positionin which the direction of the opening of the cartridge holder isoriented in an upwardly inclined position to receive the cartridge, anda closed position in which the direction of the opening is oriented in ahorizontal or downwardly inclined position; a cover arranged to coverthe opening of the cartridge holder in the closed position, and thecover being positioned away from the opening of the cartridge holder inthe open position to permit placement of the cartridge in the cartridgeholder; a cartridge retainer arranged to hold the cartridge in thecartridge holder opening in at least a part of movement of the cartridgeholder between the open and the closed positions; wherein the cartridgeretainer is arranged to resiliently urge the cartridge in the cartridgeholder to move away from the cover with movement of the cover away fromthe cartridge holder from the closed position to the open position; andan inlet arranged to provide fluid to the cartridge held by thecartridge holder for the formation of a beverage.
 21. The system ofclaim 20, wherein the opening has an axis that is perpendicular to aplane of the opening, and the axis is arranged at an angle of about30-50 degrees above the horizontal with the cartridge holder in the openposition, and the axis is arranged at about 0-20 degrees below thehorizontal with the cartridge holder in the closed position.
 22. Thesystem of claim 20, wherein the cartridge holder is pivotally mountedrelative to the frame to rotate between the open and the closedpositions.
 23. The system of claim 20, wherein the cartridge holderincludes a handle that is manipulable by a user to move the cartridgeholder between the open and closed positions.
 24. The system of claim20, wherein the cover is mounted to the frame for movement relative tothe frame and relative to the cartridge holder.
 25. The system of claim24, wherein the cover and the cartridge retainer are arranged to movepivotally with the cartridge holder and relative to the frame in aportion of the cartridge holder movement between the open and closedpositions.
 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the cover and thecartridge retainer are arranged to move toward the opening and relativeto the frame in a portion of the cartridge holder movement between theopen and closed positions.
 27. The system of claim 20, wherein thecartridge retainer is arranged for movement relative to the cover. 28.The system of claim 20, wherein a portion of the inlet that interfaceswith the cartridge is mounted to the cover.
 29. The system of claim 28,wherein the portion of the inlet that interfaces with the cartridgeincludes a piercing element arranged to pierce the cartridge to deliverfluid to the cartridge.
 30. The system of claim 20, further comprising acarrier that is movably mounted to the frame, wherein the cartridgeholder is movably mounted to the frame and the cartridge retainer ismovably mounted to the carrier.
 31. The system of claim 30, wherein thecover is attached to the carrier.
 32. The system of claim 20, whereinthe cartridge retainer is slidably mounted to move relative to thecover, and a resilient element urges the cartridge retainer to move awayfrom the cover.
 33. A beverage forming system comprising: a framearranged to support portions of the beverage forming system; a cartridgeholder movably mounted to the frame and having an opening to receive acartridge, the opening lying in a plane, and a direction of the openingbeing perpendicular to the plane and pointing away from the cartridgeholder, and the cartridge holder arranged to hold and move the cartridgebetween an open position in which the direction of the opening of thecartridge holder is oriented in an upwardly inclined position to receivethe cartridge, and a closed position in which the direction of theopening is oriented in a horizontal or downwardly inclined position; acover arranged to cover the opening of the cartridge holder in theclosed position, and the cover being positioned away from the opening ofthe cartridge holder in the open position to permit placement of thecartridge in the cartridge holder; a cartridge retainer arranged to holdthe cartridge in the cartridge holder opening in at least a part ofmovement of the cartridge holder between the open and the closedpositions; wherein the cover and the cartridge retainer are arranged tomove pivotally with the cartridge holder and relative to the frame in aportion of the cartridge holder movement between the open and closedpositions; and an inlet arranged to provide fluid to the cartridge heldby the cartridge holder for the formation of a beverage.